Political Corruption in Development of Policy and Practice”

The post-communist countries are considered to be the most corrupted ones around the world. Indeed, according to Transparency International in 2005, a third of transition countries are in the 30 most corrupted upon 159 countries of the world. The purpose of our presentation is to analyze the anticorruption policies in these countries since the beginning of transition. Analysis starts by identifying corruption characteristics specific to the post-communist countries (M.Mendras [98], W.Andreff [03], Satarov G [01]). Two theoretical concepts are essential in our study: State capture or political corruption, and administrative corruption of the civil servants (J Hellman, G Jones, D. Kaufmann [2000] [2002]). These two types of corruption are the most harmful to the development of a country, even if a small-scale corruption and mafia type are sometimes more important in these countries. By developing World Bank research we have established a typology for Eastern European countries in four groups according to the relative prevalence of the administrative corruption or the State capture. Thereafter we propose to analyze each of these four groups. We are interested first of all in the nature of corruption in each group, and then in the challenges and the prioritie